Preheat and prep the dish. Set the oven to 375°F (190°C). Lightly grease a 9×13-inch baking dish so nothing sticks.
Brown the beef and aromatics. In a large skillet over medium-high heat, cook the ground beef and diced onion for 7–8 minutes until the meat is no longer pink and the onion turns soft. Drain excess fat. Stir in the minced garlic and cook 30 seconds until fragrant.
Season and simmer. Add the taco seasoning and water. Stir well and let the mixture bubble for 2–3 minutes so the spices bloom. Mix in the black beans, corn, and diced tomatoes with green chiles. Simmer 3 more minutes until slightly thickened. Remove from heat and stir in the sour cream until creamy.
Layer the casserole. Spread half the crushed tortilla chips across the bottom of the prepared dish. Spoon the beef mixture evenly over the chips. Sprinkle 1 ½ cups of the cheese on top. Add the remaining chips, then finish with the last cup of cheese.
Bake until bubbly. Place the dish in the oven and bake 20–25 minutes. The cheese should melt completely, turn golden at the edges, and the sauce should bubble around the sides.
Rest and garnish. Let the casserole sit 5 minutes so the layers set. Scatter green onions and cilantro over the top. Serve hot with extra sour cream and salsa on the side.